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Department of Cytopahology

Department of Biochemistry
Department of Clinical Pathology
Department of Cytopathology
Department of Haematology
Department of Histopathology
Department of Immunohistochemistry
Department of Immunology
Department of Medical Virology
Department of Microbiology
Department of Molecular Biology
Department of PCR Laboratory
Department of Transfusion Medicine

The Department of Cytopathology is a specialized branch within healthcare institutions, hospitals, or pathology laboratories that focuses on the study and diagnosis of diseases at the cellular level. Cytopathology involves the examination of individual cells or small clusters of cells to detect abnormalities, identify the presence of disease, and guide patient management. Here are some key functions and activities typically associated with a Department of Cytopathology:

  1. Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Biopsy: Cytopathologists perform FNA procedures to obtain tissue samples from various organs and tissues using a thin needle. These samples are then examined under a microscope to diagnose conditions such as tumors, infections, inflammatory diseases, and cysts.
  2. Gynecological Cytopathology: This includes the examination of cervical (Pap smears), vaginal, and endometrial samples to screen for cervical cancer, detect precancerous lesions, and identify infections or other abnormalities in the female reproductive tract.
  3. Non-Gynecological Cytopathology: Cytopathologists analyze specimens from other sites in the body, including the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, lymph nodes, thyroid gland, breast, and skin, to diagnose various diseases such as lung cancer, gastrointestinal tumors, lymphomas, and thyroid disorders.
  4. Liquid-Based Cytology: Many cytopathology laboratories use liquid-based cytology techniques, such as ThinPrep or SurePath, to prepare and process cytology specimens. Liquid-based cytology improves specimen quality, reduces obscuring factors, and facilitates ancillary testing, such as molecular testing and HPV testing.
  5. Immunocytochemistry and Molecular Testing: Cytopathologists may use immunocytochemical stains and molecular tests to further characterize cells and tissues, identify specific markers, and confirm diagnoses. This may include tests for tumor markers, infectious agents, hormone receptors, and genetic mutations.
  6. Telecytology: With advances in technology, some cytopathology laboratories utilize telecytology platforms to remotely review and interpret cytology slides, enabling consultation and collaboration with pathologists located in different geographic locations.
  7. Quality Assurance and Quality Control: Cytopathology laboratories adhere to stringent quality assurance protocols to ensure the accuracy, reliability, and reproducibility of diagnostic interpretations. This includes regular review of cytology slides, participation in proficiency testing programs, and adherence to regulatory standards and guidelines.
  8. Education and Training: Cytopathology departments provide training and education to pathologists, cytotechnologists, medical students, residents, and fellows. This includes lectures, seminars, workshops, and hands-on training in cytology techniques, interpretation skills, and diagnostic criteria.

Overall, the Department of Cytopathology plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of diseases by providing accurate and timely cytological evaluations, guiding clinical decisions, and contributing to patient care and outcomes.

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